Effects of Adjustments to Wheelchair Seat to Back Support Angle on Head, Neck, and Shoulder Postures

Background: People spend a long time in the sitting position may have poor alignment that leads to neck and back pain. A wheelchair represents mobility for people with cerebral palsy, who are unable to walk. They spend long periods of time sitting in their wheelchair. Opining the seat to back support angle of the wheelchair enable realignment body segments and improves posture. Objective: 1) assessed the validity/reliability of Coach’s Eye (CE) smart device application, 2) examined the effect of seat to back support angle adjustments on head, neck, and shoulder posture in the sitting position, and 3) compared changes in cervical rotation at each seat to back support angle. Methods: Thirty-four subjects between the ages of 18 and 45 years abled subjects and subjects with cerebral palsy. All subjects sat in a research wheelchair with seat to back support angle at (90°, 100°, and 110°). Photographs were taken and analyzed by ImageJ and cache’s Eye (CE) software. Three body posture angles were used: sagittal head angle (SHA), cervical angle (CVA), and shoulder angle (SA). Results: There were highly significant differences on abled subjects for CVA and SA (p \u3c 0.001) among the three seat to back support angles. CE had high validity for all angles (r = 0.99, 0.98, 0.99 respectively, p \u3c 0.001). Inter-rater reliability for SHA, CVA, and SA among the three seat to back support angles was high (ICC ranged from 0.95 to 0.99). There were highly significant differences on abled subjects for CVA and SA (p \u3c 0.001). There were highly significant differences on subjects with cerebral palsy for SHA and CVA (p \u3c 0.001) among the three seat to back support angles. Conclusion: Head (CVA) and shoulder (SA) alignment was closest to neutral posture for abled subjects with seat to back support angles set at 110° and 90°, respectively. Head (SHA) and (CVA) alignment was closest to neutral posture for subjects with CP with seat to back support angles set at 110°

Elucidating the Interplay between Sodium Selenite on the Tick \u3ci\u3eAmblyomma maculatum\u3c/i\u3e Selenoprotein Gene Expression

Selenium (Se) is an element recognized as an essential micronutrient in eukaryote organisms. Selenoproteins contain selenium as selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid. Selenium plays a role in cell growth and functioning. At low concentrations, it can induce growth and at high concentrations, it can cause a cell to stop growing and potentially have toxic effects on the cell and organism. When selenium levels are high, oxidative stress results by the production of reactive oxidative species. Selenoproteins, however, can aid the antioxidant response in the cell. Ticks are arthropods of interest, as they are one of few that contain many selenogenes, possibly the reason for their robust antioxidant system. Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasite and require this strong and organized antioxidant system for when oxidative stress is induced during blood feeding and digestion. In this study, the effects of sublethal sodium selenite concentration on the female Amblyomma maculatum tick’s antioxidant system were investigated. The oxidative stress analysis of ticks injected with sublethal concentration of sodium selenite (0.1μM Na2SeO3) compared with 1X PBS injected Amblyomma female ticks. Once tissues were obtained, transcriptional gene expression was performed for all antioxidants including selenogenes. The transcript level of selenogene M (SelM), and selenogene N (SelN) revealed up-regulation. A lipid peroxidation (MDA assay), and fluorescent assays were utilized to quantify the relative oxidative stress and visually examined oxidative stress effects on tick tissues. Oxidative stress was illustrated in the assay and confocal and gave insight on how tick antioxidant system responds to a sublethal sodium selenite concentration. The outcomes could lead to understanding tick physiology and give insight on tick antioxidant system

Oxidative Stress, Physiological Responses and Performance of Broilers Transported with Different Transportation Duration

Transportation plays important factor in broiler industry. Whole transportation process from loading tounloading can cause stress to broilers. The duration of the trip can affect oxidative stress, physiologicaland performance of broiler. This study aim to evaluate the effects of different transportation durationson oxidative stress, physiological responses and performance of broilers. Transportation from farm toslaughterhouse using a truck with a capacity of 144 crates. There were two durations treatment in this study,180 and 240 mins. Variables measured in this study were oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde/MDA content and catalase enzyme activity), physiological responses (rectal temperature and heterophilelymphocytes (HL) ratio), and performance represented by weight loss percentage. Normality test wasdone before T Test. Data analyzed using T Test independent which compared data between before andafter transportation. T Test dependent which compared data between short and long duration. The resultshowed that duration of transportation significantly affects on decrease liver and thigh catalase enzymeactivity, decrease malondialdehyde value on liver, decrease HL ratio after transportation, differenceson rectal temperature and weightloss. Long transportation duration resulted the lowest liver and thighcatalase enzymes activity (0.097±0.023 and 0.088±0.014 U/mL). It can be concluded that the long durationtransportation catalase enzyme activity reduce MDA value and affected performance indicato

Analisis Madzhab Syafi’i Terhadap Fatwa MUI tentang Akad Qardh

The purpose of this research is to analyze the Syafi'i Madzhab against the MUI fatwa regarding the Qardh Akad. The type of research used is qualitative research and is descriptive analysis. The MUI fatwa which explains al-Qardh itself has been stated in the MUI DSN fatwa No. 19 / DSN-MUI / IV / 2001 on al-Qardh which includes; general provisions, sanctions, sources of funds, and other provisions. The research method is a qualitative method with a naturalistic type. The results of this study conclude that the DSN-MUI Fatwa regarding the Qardh contract is following the qardh concept established by the Syafi'i school, both in terms of law and its consequences, it's just that there are several points from the fatwa researchers have not been able to conclude through the mu'tabarah books of the Shafi'i schoo

Analisis Hukum Islam dan undang-undang no. 8 tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen terhadap pembulatan pembayaran pada jual beli online dengan sistem cash on delivery (cod) : studi kasus pengguna aplikasi Shopee di Kecamatan Kaliwungu

Jual beli dilakukan atas dasar suka sama suka diantara kedua belah pihak, tolong-menolong atau saling membantu antara satu sama lainnya. Jual beli merupakan salah satu cara dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, praktik jual beli online dengan sistem Cash On Delivery yang ada di Kecamatan Kaliwungu dilakukan secara langsung dan transaksi dilakukan didasarkan pada adanya rasa saling percaya diantara kedua belah pihak yaitu pengguna shopee dan kurir pengiriman barang. Namun setelah pembayaran uang kembaliannya terkadang berbeda, hal ini disebabkan oleh tidak tersedianya uang pecahan nominal kecil. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut rumusan masalahnya adalah bagaimana tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap praktik pembulatan pembayaran pada jual beli online dengan sistem Cash On Delivery di aplikasi Shopee? Bagaimana tinjauan Undang Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen terhadap praktik pembulatan pembayaran pada jual beli online dengan sistem Cash On Delivery di Aplikasi Shopee? Pendekatan yang digunakan peneliti adalah kualitatif. Untuk mendapatkan data yang dibutuhkan dalam penulisan skripsi ini peneliti menggunakan sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pertama, Praktik pembulatan pembayaran pada jual beli online dengan sistem Cash On Delivery (COD) pada aplikasi Shopee boleh dilakukan, apabila antara pengguna Shopee dan kurir tidak melanggar syarat dan rukun jual beli itu sendiri. Kedua, tidak termasuk dalam jual beli yang terlarang oleh sebab orang yang berakad dan shighat. Ketiga, sudah saling rela atau ‘an taradin atas kembalian yang Dan menurut hukum posotif melanggar Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomer 35/M-DAG/PER/7/2013 Pasal 6 ayat 3 dimana menurut peraturan tersebut selama masih ada kembalian dalam nominal uang pecahan yang beredar kurir wajib mengembalikannya. Sedangkan menurut Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomer 35/M-DAG/PER/7/2013 kurir Shopee Cash On Delivery (COD) wajib menginformasikan pembulatan pembayaran meskipun nominal kecil karena uang kembalian tersebut merupakan hak konsumen

Structure functions for the three nucleon system

The spectral functions and light-cone momentum distributions of protons and neutrons in 3He and 3H are given in terms of the three-nucleon wave function for realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions. To reduce computational complexity, separable expansions are employed for the nucleon-nucleon potentials. The results for the light-cone momentum distributions suggest that they are not very sensitive to the details of the two-body interaction, as long as it has reasonable short-range repulsion. The unpolarised and polarised structure functions are examined for both 3He and 3H in order to test the usefulness of 3He as a neutron target. It is found that the measurement of the spin structure function of polarised 3H would provide a very clear test of the predicted change in the polarised parton distributions of a bound proton.Comment: 30 pages, REVTeX, 11 figure

A Gauge Invariant Unitary Theory for Pion Photoproduction

A covariant, unitary and gauge invariant theory for pion photoproduction on a single nucleon is presented. To achieve gauge invariance at the operator level one needs to include both the $\pi N$ and $\gamma\pi N$ thresholds. The final amplitude can be written in terms of a distorted wave in the final $\pi N$ channel provided one includes additional diagrams to the standard Born term in which the photon is coupled to the final state pion and nucleon. These additional diagrams are required in order to satisfy gauge invariance.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure as a separate uuencoded compressed tar fil

The Information Structure in Arabic-javanese Translation: Case Study in the Book of Bidayah Al-hidayah

Communication involves the actual use of language in real. As we have known that language is the main medium for communication. One of the important thing to develop the effective communication is by packaging the structure of information. There are two basic elements in the information, they are: theme and rheme. Theme had been considered as the known information and the rheme absolutely had been considered as new information. This paradigm based on the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Halliday considers language as having three main functions: (1) the ideational function; (2) the interpersonal function; and (3) the textual function. This paper will focus in the textual function and “clause as a message”. Arabic language has a unique structure of clauses, we can find two basic notions (mubtada\u27+khabar) and (fi\u27l+fa\u27il), in the other hand, semantically, we can find (musnad+musnad ilaih), so this article tried to find the correlation between the structure of Arabic clauses with (theme+rheme) construction. This article also will find out the kinds of theme in Arabic language (multiple themes, clause as themes, and predicated themes). Theme as an initial element in SFL should be described by looking the rheme in the text. The method in this research was divided into three parts: (1) collecting the data from the book of Modern Written Arabic and also some articles in the Arabic-Javanese translation book Bidayah al-Hidayah, the data is the clauses with nominal and verbal initial; (2) analysis data, using the descriptive analysis and distributional method; and (3) reporting the data (formal and informal). The result of this article had concluded that there is a near connection between (mubtada\u27+khabar), (fi\u27l+fa\u27il), and (musnad+musnad ilaih) with the theme and rheme construction based on the SFL theory